A Thunderous Boom Of Cheering Erupts As A Warrior Steps

A thunderous boom of cheering erupts as a warrior steps in a stadium of thousands. The opponent is across the field and would give goliah a run for his money. Nobody can foresee who will come out the conqueror, which is the reason thousands came to watch the spectacle. It is a battle of strength, endurance, and wit. Armour of old enclose their bodies, gray steel helmets cover their faces, hiding their emotions. The opponent closes the gap between them, swords gleaming in the blinding heat. As the weapons grace each other with their presence the crowd explodes into yet another fury of cheers. A gladiator match was one of the many events Romans would come in hordes to watch. Out of all the Roman inventions the Gladiator match is what most†¦show more content†¦During the early ages of the empire small towns started springing up all around Italy, then they started invading other countries and adding them to their expanding empire. Sometimes they would vanquish other countries t hat wouldn’t agree to be part of the empire willingly. *In reality Rome’s Empire was composed of many different countries. Romans valued their Military above all else, *which led to making the world’s first superpower (MacMullen). At its height in 117 CE the Roman Empire had become so vast, controlling close to 1.7 million square miles, it had to be split into 2 different empires (Mark). Dividing into two different Empires was ultimately the downfall of the Roman Empire. While the background of Rome plays an important role in how it became so great, religion is another factor that aided Rome. Religion is something that can create a camaraderie within a country or it can be the spark to light a feud within a country. During the early ages Roman religion was animistic and they believed that the spirits of their ancestors watched over them (Wasson). *For example the patron of Rome is the she-wolf who as legend tells, nursed the founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus. In addition the Roman army worshipped the eagle so much it became the standard of the Roman army. *Once the Roman Empire started taking over more countries they adopted a

The Decay of English as a Language Free Essays

But today, in a world filled with computers and keyboards and various applications like Microsoft Office to facilitate our writing and even correct our errors, do we really need to know how to write properly anymore? In the modern world where we use our phones and messages to communicate with the least amount of effort, short and concise text to get to the point regardless of punctuation, grammar nor orthography. In a fast living world where everybody seems to have less time, Is there really room for linguist? According to John Humphrey, a newspaper author mentioned in Crystals essay, exiting is ruining our Language. Ever since the mobile phone was introduced and along with the way to communicate with messages, companies have been using this invention to make the most profit of it by developing the Global System for Mobile Communications Network in the mid sass’s. We will write a custom essay sample on The Decay of English as a Language or any similar topic only for you Order Now Messages at that time had a limited amount of characters, so the message people are trying to forward had to be short and concise. There was no room for orthography nor grammar. The beginning of SMS, short message service. Testing as a trend rocketed In the 21 SST century and a ewe creative style of writing has emerged. However, David Crystal is not agreeing with the majority, he states, that it rather â€Å"helps than hinders literacy’ (b or not b, David Crystal, 337). He also argues that even though a lot of grammar and general linguistic rules are often broken, the messages are still understandable. And Isn’t that the point? Furthermore, the longer the messages become the less linguist errors occur. Symbols and single letters to replace words (b or not b, David Crystal, 337-338) In fact, this so called problem is not new. People have been solving puzzles and riddles in newspapers using this structure of text in the 19th century. English has a lot of abbreviation words ever since it began to be written down. A different approach David Crystal is bringing up, is that author are using â€Å"textile† to write poems, short- stories or even novels. But the mobile phone is limiting the capabilities of this new found style. So authors craved for a platform with more expressive power. Therefore, â€Å"textile† moved to the PC where people have more possibilities like color, font, type- size and shape. This shows creativity for the English language (b or not b, David Crystal, 344). And isn’t that Just a development of Language? Like Languages have always evolved and changed over time? At the same time, increasing evidence from different researches, form a team at Coventry University, came to the conclusion that testing does not effect children’s ability to write or read. Instead, it improves. One of the researches show that the more abbreviations they use, the better is their grade in test’s on reading and vocabulary. This research also states that the younger the age is, where they get heir first phones, the better their skills in linguistic (b or not b, David Crystal, 345). The main argument is that children could not be good at testing if they had not already developed a secure considerable literacy awareness, hence children who are able to use this kind of communication style already have a sense of how the language works and sounds. David Crystal isolates himself clearly from other authors or professors by not sharing the same opinion. And this essay depicts it coherently. I think that it is true that English as a Language is changing and its not going to be he same as it was. But is that a bad thing? Personally. How to cite The Decay of English as a Language, Papers

The Harm Principle Essays - Philosophy, Ethics, Classical Liberalism

The Harm Principle The Harm Principle was first expressed by John Stuart Mill in his essay On Liberty, which sought to explain the circumstances in which the government should be able to administer punishment, and enforce the law. The principle seems very simple and attractive at first, however it may be this simplicity which is the principle's downfall. As a Utilitarian, Mill thought that through the freedom of expression and personal liberty that accompany the Harm Principle, we can produce the most happiness for the most number of people. However, because of its oversimplification and ambiguous themes, the Harm Principle can easily be used to sidestepped many actions most of us would assume to be immoral. It is because of these reasons that I will argue the Harm Principle does not properly account for the limits of the law without some crucial restrictions being placed on how it can be applied. The Harm Principle, in its most basic form, states that it is only permissible for the government to interfere in the actions of individuals when those actions cause harm to other individuals. This is a very brief explanation however; the principle becomes much more complicated when we start asking questions like "how do we define harm?", or "how should we enforce laws surrounding potential harm?" Mill includes some exceptions to the principle, for example, it does not apply to anyone who does not have "mature faculties," as Mill puts it. This group would include children, the mentally disabled, and any "non-civilized" societies. Mill also describes a few other conditions to the harm principle. He states that we are able to consent to harm, to a certain extent, with activities like boxing or dangerous professions. This consent to harm only extends to a certain degree however; if we consent to having our liberty taken away (i.e. slavery), Mill thinks that this deprivation of freedom would inhibit people from living as they wish. This freedom to live life however one pleases, so long as it does not interfere with anyone else, would lead to different ways of living, different ways of thinking, and ultimately, the production of the most good for the most amount of people. This individuality is what makes us humans; it is what compels us to try new and different things and allows us to broaden our horizons of the world. Aside from actions, Mill also argues that individuals should be free to think however they choose to, and believe whatever they wish to believe. He maintains that the truth itself is "living" or dynamic, and that by allowing people to question things and have right or wrong opinions, we can better hone in on the absolute truth. According to Mill, by allowing for multiple competing opinions, we can debate, reason, and modify the truth in order to produce the most happiness. By learning which ideas are correct and which are incorrect, we can better understand the issue in question. Mill believed humans are not infallible, and that the truth and human error go hand-in-hand. Mill also discussed the harm that can be caused by inaction and claimed, "[a] person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury." Mill believed that it is our duty to save other's lives and protect those who cannot protect themselves. He argued that we should be held responsible by society for not doing so, even though we are not directly harming them. This idea sheds light on the ambiguity of the Harm Principle. To what extent can we say that individuals have a duty to prevent others from harm? Is someone who spends their dollar on a coffee rather than donating it to a trustworthy charity causing indirect harm? This is a problem for the principle and seems to suggest that Mill favours a version of the theory that prevents harm, rather than one that prevents someone from doing harm. Most people agree, excluding Devlin, that there are principled and substantive limits to the law. The law can only extend so far before it becomes counterproductive. According to Mill, the law should be limited to cases

Queering Heterosexuality Essay Example

Queering Heterosexuality Essay Example Queering Heterosexuality Essay Queering Heterosexuality Essay Women Gender and Sexuality Studies Course title: Queer Gender paper subject/title: ‘Queering’ Heterosexuality Heterosexuality is universally described as having a desire or sexual contact with someone of the opposite sex from ones own. This particular definition of heterosexuality for the most part, has remained relatively unquestioned. In turn, this has allowed heteronormative cultures and beliefs to assume heterosexuality as the norm. Marginalizing people who do not fit within heterosexual norms perpetuates the exclusion of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transsexual individuals, as well as, heterosexual individuals that participate in sexual practices that are not in alliance with commonly held notion of heterosexuality. The focus of this paper will be to use Nikki Sullivan’s writing, A Critical Introduction to Queer Theory in order to identify the ways in which Lizzie Borden’s 1986 film Working Girls, ‘queers’ heterosexuality. Analyzing heterosexuality through Sullivan’s writings and Borden’s film, allows for the universal understanding of heterosexuality to be challenged. Heterosexuality is consistent with dominant group membership and with beliefs, values, and institutions that support and are supported by that group. Therefore, the institution of heterosexuality constructs restrictions and allows for little element of real choice. Within heterosexuality, males are the only ones that are given the ability to choose. Males are in the dominant, profiting, and controlling position in heterosexual relationships, whereas females are understood to serve, pleasure, and assume females to abide by the decisions that males make for them. Following the lives of a group of female sex workers, Lizzie Borden’s 1986 film,  Working Girls  juxtaposes paid â€Å"straight† sexuality with lesbianism. Molly, the main character in the film, is the only female who is known to be a lesbian. However, even though Molly is  a lesbian and has sex with men, what she is doing is engaging in a performance of heterosexuality. This is just the same as her engaging in a performance of sexual service for money. Since money is being exchanged in response to sexual practices, this already ‘queers’ the notion of heterosexuality. The concept of sex as a commodity that is sold by women and consumed by men is something that bears further feminist analysis. In her film, Borden illustrates that there is nothing straight about sex work. Selling sex is believed to be quite outside the normative codes of heterosexual conduct, whereby sex is privileged as something you do for love or reproduction. So therefore, the exchange of money for a sexual service is a defining characteristic that is believed to be a queer act. This means that any sexual practices that are not done out of love or for reproduction are only done for pleasure, which is not in congruence with heterosexual practices. In the film Working Girls Borden illustrates that within the sex work industry, certain women come up with complex and provocative theories of femininity and sexuality when describing their jobs. Due to the jobs they have and the position they are placed in relevance to men, these women are given the ability to have real choice and choose their sexual partners. These women make their own personal choices to engage or not engage in certain sexual acts with their clients. An example of this is seen in the film when a client of Molly’s commands her to suck his penis and she responds back to him that she will not do anything she does not want to do. Molly’s response challenges the social and sexual power of men dominating women, therefore deconstructing the heterosexual knowledge that men are in control. In heterosexuality, the male is always the victor, however in Borden’s film the females are the ones in the position of the victor because they are the ones in control of the men. This can be seen in the film by having a woman, Lucy deal with all the money the women make. Lucy is in the dominant controlling position, which threatens the traditional understanding that the man is in charge of the house. Not to mention that, in the sex work industry females, sex workers and pimps, financially profiting from the sexual interactions they have with males, their clients. Christine Overall, a feminist theorist Sullivan refers to in her writings, aims to envision a more compatible relationship between heterosexuality and feminism. By making a conscious and informed choice to partake in heterosexual practices without agreeing to endorse the heterosexual institution, this could be identified as a form of feminist praxis (Sullivan, 126). The sex workers in the film, may not voice that they are feminists, however they still make conscious and informed choices to participate or not in sexual practices with their cliental. Overall outlines a number of reasons as to why the choice to participate in heterosexual practices need to be observed as a justifiable option for feminists. Furthermore, Sullivan relates Overall’s thesis to a statement made by Segal, All feminists could, and strategically should, participate in attempting to subvert the meaning of ‘heterosexuality’, rather than simply trying to abolish its practice†¦to acknowledge that there are many ‘heterosexualities’†¦We need to explore them, both to affirm those which are based on safety, trust, and affection†¦a nd which therefore empower women† (Sullivan, 127). Both Overall and Segal, challenge the notion that there is only one definition of heterosexuality, by introducing the belief that there are various different forms of heterosexuality among us. But rather than simply encouraging women to choose to participate in heterosexual practices on their own terms, Segal invites women to play an active role in subverting heterosexual norms by ‘queering’ traditional understanding of gender and sexuality. Throughout the film, sex workers interact in heterosexual practices that differ from commonly held notions of heterosexuality. At one point in the film, Molly must deal with a man that gets turned on by wearing women’s panties and getting smacked in the ass with a paddle. Sexual practices that are executed this way go outside of the box of what heterosexuality is widely described to be. Pleasures produced by practices such as fisting, anonymous sex, bondage, and so on, functions to ‘shatter identity and dissolve the subject’ (Sullivan, 156). This is because such practices work against the logic of heteronormative sex, a practice that ultimately serves as an act of reproduction. These types of practices are non-reproductive and open up a sort of polymorphous perversity, enabling us to rethink pleasure and sexuality. After analyzing Nikki Sullivan’s writing, A Critical Introduction to Queer Theory in order to identify the ways in which Lizzie Borden’s 1986 film Working Girls, ‘queers’ heterosexuality. Using Lizzie Borden’s film to analyze the sex work industry, has placed it at the crossroads of feminism and queer theory; thus, providing a unique vantage point to critique the regime of heterosexuality from various aspects. Various activists in a variety of social groups have fought to, and continue to challenge heteronormative behaviors and beliefs. Heterosexuality continues to be challenged daily in many different ways, some of which were previously discussed.

Definition and Examples of Kennings in English

Definition and Examples of Kennings in English A kenning is a  figurative expression, usually compound in form, that is used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English. Kenning as Metaphor The kenning has been described as a kind of compressed metaphor with the referent suppressed. Commonly used kennings in Old English and Norse poetry include whale-road (for sea), sea-horse (for ship), and iron-shower (for the rain of spears or arrows during a battle). Examples Old English poetry used a special poetic vocabulary. . . . [The word] ban-cofa (n) had a special meaning: its two elements were bone-den, but it meant body. Such an expression is a paraphrase, a reference to a thing by concentration on one of its attributes. A person could be called a reord-berend (speech-bearer) because speech is uniquely human. This device of paraphrase was frequent in Old English poetry, and it goes now by the name (borrowed from Old Norse) of kenning.(W.F. Bolton, A Living Language: The History and Structure of English. Random House, 1982)The poets loved kennings because they were opportunities to vary their descriptions when they told long stories of heroes and battles. . . .So, what could a ship be? A wave floater, sea goer, sea-house or sea steed. And the sea? A seal bath, fish home, swan road or whale way. Anything could be described using a kenning. A woman is a peace-weaver, a traveller is an earth-walker, a sword is a wolf of wounds, the sun is a sky candl e, the sky is the curtain of the gods, blood is battle sweat or battle icicle. There are hundreds more. (David Crystal, The Story of English in 100 Words. St. Martins Press, 2012) Circumlocutions The poets of medieval Scandinavia developed a system of naming by circumlocution, or kennings, which they could expand to a dizzying degree of complexity. They might call the sea earth of the fish. Next, they could replace the word fish by the expression snake of the fjord. Then, they might substitute for fjord the phrase bench of the ship. The result was a strange, prolix thing: earth of the snake of the bench of the shipwhich, of course, simply meant sea. But only those familiar with the conceits of poetry would know it.(Daniel Heller-Roazen, Learn to Talk in Beggars’ Cant. The New York Times, August 18, 2013) Contemporary Kennings We clearly see kenning variation . . . in the seventh of the sequence Glanmore Sonnets in [Seamus] Heaneys next volume, Field Work [1979], when names of the BBC Radio 4 shipping forecast (itself possessing the sonority of a formulaic catalogue from early heroic poetry) prompt the poet to expand on the metaphor in the Old English kenning for the sea hronrad (whale-road, Beowulf, l. 10): Sirens of the tundra,Of eel-road, seal-road, keel-road, whale-road, raiseTheir wind-compounded keen behind the baizeAnd drive the trawlers to the lee of Wicklow. . . . Heaney performs variation not just on the concept signified, but on the signifier itself, echoing the hypnotic chant of the shipping forecast. (Chris Jones, Strange Likeness: The Use of Old English in Twentieth-Century Poetry. Oxford University Press, 2006) Etymologyfrom the Old Norse, to know Pronunciation: KEN-ing

Paper6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paper6 - Essay Example The ddI experiment should have been allowed to continue albeit with changes in the experiment design. The pre-trial data for ddI lead to the formulation of three arms of the trial. The second arm of the trial received ddI only, despite the awareness amongst the investigators of the inferiority of the drug (risk of death) as compared to zidovudine. Analyzing the above dilemma on the principle of equipoise - as stated by C. Fried "a state of genuine uncertainty on the part of the clinical investigator regarding the comparative therapeutic merits of each arm of a trial" (Tnnsj 530), - would lead to the conclusion that the second arm of the trial does not satisfy this condition. Even while making this theoretical principle more practical, by accepting Freedman's version of clinical equipoise (Freedman 516), it can be argued that there was not a major difference of opinion amongst investigators regarding the inferiority of the drug or the expected benefit arising from it in the case of the second arm of the trial (Tnnsj 530). Thus it is wrong that some doctors were willing to take a risk in the face of a threat which had no clear benefits in terms of a positive outcome. The second arm of the trial should have been eliminated and the drug should have been tested for its superiority over zidovudine alone, when administered in alteration with the latter.

Educational Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educational Goals - Essay Example Through the education, I got exposure to relevant criminal justice literature and materials, which I applied throughout my work-life. Through the education, I developed vital capabilities like critical thinking, problem solving, effective communication, collaborative working and information utilization. I want to continue my education at University of Phoenix, so as to develop the knowledge and the skills that will increase my career success as a justice and security officer. Through the Master’s degree program, I will increase my capacity for career development and delivering innovative change proposals, which can revolutionize the field of justice and security. The Masters program will enable me to attain recertification, endorsement and higher credit as a justice professional. Through the additional Master’s degree, I will acquiring knowledge and the skills required to face new challenges. That will form learning experiences in support of educational and professional growth. Through the program, I expect to gain more real-world experiences of state-of-the-art justice issues, which will distinguish my performance. My degree has helped me become one of the best employees in the department: through the Master’s program, I will be recognized by the LAPD as a highly knowledgeable employee, which will help me gain a promotion to a managerial position: the police department awards promotions on the basis of competency and educational levels. Achievements University of Phoenix candidates lead by example, which I have demonstrated through the development of exceptional leadership capacity in my personal life, work and school environments. During my work at the LAPD, I am viewed as a role model for the skills and the values that make differences at my work place as well as in my community. For instance, in my role as a polygraph examination officer, I am viewed as the number one critical thinker, especially when dealing with complicated cases. As a Phoenix graduate, I am revered as a life-long learner, which has enabled me to gain more useful information in my field, which enables me to share valuable insights in any critical case. Therefore, at the workplace, I am viewed as the best polygraph examiner, which is confessed by superiors and junior co-workers. At school, I was viewed as a leader, a role model in life-learning, and an informed student who helped others when they had trouble with courses. Upon the completion of the degree course, I graduated with honors, and a GPA of 3.85 which distinguished me as among the best candidates. The exceptional performance and the values I was identified with are among the leadership characteristics that I continue to be revered about. At the family level, I was the first to attain four-year degree education; therefore, I am viewed as a knowledgeable person who leads the family in all critical decision-making. At the larger community, I am viewed as an exceptional person who gained ed ucation against all odds, and one that has remained successful in all areas, therefore, I am viewed as a leader who can empower community members. During the Master’s program, I also plan to become a leader in values, skills-development and leadership, which makes a positive impact on other people. Personal Reflection During my work as a polygraph examiner with the Los Angeles Police Department, I have developed a mastery of uncovering the tricks of criminals. However, this exceptional perfo